The CRS report noted that “although the Secretary of Defense has broad authority to take appropriate action to provide for the more effective and efficient operation of the agency, including the transfer and reassignment of any function or duty, the collective bargaining agreements that were negotiated by DoD and the unions may include provisions that have implications for how DoD employees are affected by the (base closing and realignment) process. For example, an agreement may include a negotiated grievance procedure that could be invoked in connection with a RIF action.” However, management might nullify certain provisions under the national security personnel system, CRS added. The labor relations part of NSPS has been enjoined by a federal judge and an appeal is all but assured, meaning that consideration is in limbo at least for the time being.