Using the lessons learned from the critical role reserve component forces have played in the Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts, Defense Department officials are weighing options for best employing National Guard and reserve troops in future missions. ‘The 21st century will require the United States to maintain an array of forces that can consistently win across the full spectrum of military operations on a global scale. These forces must be augmented by an accessible and ready pool of reinforcing and complementary capabilities, some of which will reside in our reserve components," wrote Assistant Defense Secretary for Reserve Affairs Dennis M. McCarthy and Joint Chiefs of Staff Vice Chairman Marine Corps Gen. James E. Cartwright in the foreword of a related white paper they presented to Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates on April 27. The report recommended that reserve components be used to ensure adequate strength. In some instances, Guard or reserve units should have long-term relationships with specific active-duty combat commands as well, according to the report. Some reserve-component units could be tapped to serve more frequently, or for longer durations, than typical – when missions warrant it.