The Department of Defense has released the latest report of the Air Force Health Study on the health effects of exposure to herbicides in Vietnam, which includes the strongest evidence to date that Agent Orange is associated with adult-onset diabetes. This Ranch Hand Study supports the findings from earlier reports in 1992 and 1997. Results from the 2002 physical examination support adult-onset diabetes as the most important health problem seen in the Air Force Health Study. They suggest that, as dioxin levels increase, not only are the presence and severity of adult-onset diabetes increased, but the time to onset of the disease is decreased. The report will be reviewed by the National Academy of Sciences. After the review, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs can ask Congress for legislation on disability compensation and health care. The report is available at: http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedb/default.html.