Federal Manager's Daily Report

Quantum computers could eventually crack existing encrypted communications being siphoned up around the globe, and potentially the transaction signatures in cyptocurrency. Image: 1623687958/Shutterstock.com

A national strategy to address the security threats raised by quantum computing is still “emerging,” while experts project that computers capable of breaking the methods federal agencies currently use to secure their data and information systems may be as little as 10 years away, the GAO has said.

Before a House hearing, a witness noted that GAO has issued several reports in recent years regarding quantum computers, which “pose a threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems and data that rely on cryptography for protection.” Such computers could break current protections—relying on a “key” on both the sending and receiving ends—in only “hours or days compared to the billions of years a conventional computer would take.”

Key elements needed in a strategy to counter that risk include to standardize post-quantum cryptography, migrate federal systems to it, and encourage all sectors of the economy to prepare for the threat, the witness said. However, current planning has not fully defined a strategy to counter the threat, “in part, because no single federal organization was responsible for coordination and oversight,” the witness said.

The GAO in a report last year had recommended that the Office of the National Cyber Director “lead the coordination of the national quantum computing cybersecurity strategy ensure that the strategy’s various documents address all the key characteristics of a national strategy.”

The testimony also referred to a separate 2023 report on the challenges DoD faces in developing a quantum workforce in its research laboratories. These included the types of difficulties already common across agencies in recruiting staff with the needed expertise in areas such as physics, chemistry, computer science and mathematics.

Training existing personnel in quantum technologies could help, the testimony added, but it is unclear to what extent—and doing so could drain off those with high-demand and short-supply skills in other tech fields.

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